我国保险公司一直以来将海运货物保险的险别分为基本险和附加险两类，基本险包括平安险、水渍险和一切险三种，附加险分为一般附加险和特殊附加险两种。

This insurance is classified into the following three Conditions—Free FromParticular Average(F.P.A.),With Average(F.P.A.)and All Risks.Where thegoods insured hereunder sustain loss or damage,the Company shall undertake toindemnify therefor according to the Insured Condition specified in the Policy and theProvisions of these Clauses.

1.平安险(Free from Particular Average,简称F.P.A)

1.Free From Particular Average(F.P.A.)

This insurance covers:

(1)Total or Constructive Total Loss of the whole consignment hereby insuredcaused in the course of transit by natural calamities~-heavy weather,lightning,tsunami,earthquake and flood.In case a constructive total loss is claimed for,the Insured shall abandon to the Company the damaged goods and all his rights and titlepertaining thereto.The goods on each lighter to or from the scagoing vessel shall bedeemed a separate risk."Constructive Total Loss"refers to the loss where an actualtotal loss appears to be unavoidable or the cost to be incurred in recovering orreconditioning the goods togcther with the forwarding cost to the destination named inthe Policy would exceed their value on arrival.

(2)Total or Partial Loss caused by accidents the carrying conveyance being grounded.stranded,sunk or in collision with floating ice or other objects as fire or explosion.

(3)Partial loss of the insured goods attributable to heavy weather,lightning and/or tsunami,where the conveyance has been grounded,stranded.sunk or burnt,irrespective of whether the event or events took place before or after such accidents.

(4)Partial or total loss consequent on falling of entire package or packages into seaduring loading transshipment or discharge.

(5)Reasonable cost incurred by the Insured in salvaging the goods or averting orminimizing a loss recoverable under the Policy provided that such cost shall not exceedthe sum Insured of the consignment so saved.

(6)Losses attributable to discharge of the insured goods at a port of distressfollowing a sea peril as well as special charges arising from loading.warehousing andforwarding of the goods at an intermediate port of call or refuge.

(7)Sacrifice in and Contribution to General Average and Salvage Charges.

(8)Such proportion of losses sustained by the shipowners as is to be reimbursed bythe Cargo Owner under the Contract of Affreightment"Both to Blame Collision"clause.

平安险的含义是“单独海损不保”,实际上，并不是所有的部分损失都不保。

平安险主要负责赔偿的范围包括：

(1)被保险货物在运输过程中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震和洪水等自然灾害造成的整批货物实际全损或推定全损。当被保险人要求赔偿推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。所谓在运输途中，是指被保险货物在海上运输的整个过程，包括货物在装卸过程及在各种储存处所的存放期间。所谓全部损失，这里仅仅是指被保险货物的实际全损。所谓推定全损，是指实际全损不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。

(2)由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流水或其他物体碰撞以及失火，爆炸等意外事故造成的货物全部或部分损失。所谓互碰，是指船舶之间相互碰撞。物体是指除水以外的包括流冰在内的任何物体。所谓爆炸，是指无论发生于运输工具还是货物的内部或外部，只要是因爆炸事故的发生而使运输工具或货舱内的货物遭受损失的情形。

(3)在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁等意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。

(4)在装卸或转运时山于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部分损失。

(5)被保险人对遭受承保责任内风险的货物采取抢救，防止或减少货损的措施而支付合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。

(6)运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。这些费用被称为转运费用，是为了修理船舶而产生的，不包括防止或减少货损而支付的费用。

(7)共同海损的牺牲，分摊和救助费用。在共同海损分摊之前，如果保险人已经赔偿了被保险货物的共同海损牺牲，即为共同安全而抛弃的货物，对此共同海损牺牲要求分摊的权利应由保险人享有。救助费用如果不能作为共同海损费用，若因货物获救后在抵达目的地前灭失，保险人仍应负赔偿应由被保险人承担的救助费用。

(8)运输合同订有“船舶互有过失碰撞责任条款”(Both to Blame Collision Clause),根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。船舶互有过失碰撞责任条款的基本含义是在船舶发生互撞后，货方如果向他船取得全部赔偿，应按本船的过失比例将取得的赔偿金退还给本船承运人。根据海上货物运输保险合同，保险人对货方的这部分损失承担赔偿责任。

2.水渍险(With Average or With Particular Average,W.A or W.P.A)With Average(W.A.)

Aside from the risks covered under F.P.A.condition as above,this insurance alsocovers partial losses of the insured goods caused by heavy weather,lightning,tsunami,earthquake and/or flood.

水渍险也是我国保险业的习惯称呼。水渍险的保险责任是平安险中的全部责任和货物因自然灾害所造成的部分损失。因此，水渍险的承保责任范围除包括上述平安险的各项责任外，保险人还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。

3.一切险(A11 Risks)

Aside from the risks covered under the F.P.A.and W.A.conditions as above;this insurance also covers all:risks of loss of or damage to the insured goods whetherpartial or total,arising from external causes in the course of transit.

相对于平安险和水渍险，一切险是我国海上货物运输保险中保险人承保责任范围最为广泛的基本险。一切险承保责任范围除包括水渍险的各项承保责任外，保险人还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于一般外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。所谓外来原因是指相对于货物而言的、客观存在的风险。随着国际贸易和海上航运业的发展，可能造成货损的外来原因在日益增多，如偷窃、提货不着、淡水雨淋、短少、短量、碰损、钩损、破碎、串味、渗漏、生锈、受潮受热、发霉等等。为适应投保人对外来原因致损货物的风险而寻求保险保障的要求，保险人设立了一系列附加险。所以，一切险实际上是水渍险和普通附加险的合并。当然，一切险并不是意味着保险人承保所有的风险，只是承保的风险范围相对广泛的一种基本险，投保一切险后，一般附加险就没有必要再投保。